Testing Responsive Web Design with Selenium Java

In today’s multi-device world, users access websites from desktops, tablets, and mobile phones of all sizes. Ensuring a consistent and seamless user experience across all these devices is critical. This is where Responsive Web Design (RWD) comes into play—and testing it effectively becomes essential.

One of the most reliable ways to automate this testing is by using Selenium with Java. In this blog, we’ll explore how to test responsive web design using Selenium WebDriver in Java, ensuring your website looks and behaves correctly on every screen.


📱 What is Responsive Web Design?

Responsive web design ensures that a web page adjusts its layout, content, and design elements based on the screen size and resolution. It typically uses CSS media queries, flexible grids, and scalable images to adapt the interface.

Testing for responsiveness means validating that:

Elements resize and reposition correctly

Navigation menus behave as expected

Content does not overflow or break

Mobile-specific UI components load properly


⚙️ Why Selenium for Responsive Testing?

Selenium WebDriver is a powerful tool for automating web application testing. It can simulate user actions like clicks, typing, and scrolling. Combined with Java, Selenium becomes a robust framework that supports cross-browser and responsive testing.

Selenium allows us to:

Launch browsers in different sizes (emulating various devices)

Capture screenshots to verify UI behavior

Validate layout changes using assertions

Integrate with testing frameworks like TestNG or JUnit


🧪 How to Test Responsive Web Design with Selenium Java

1. Set Up the Selenium Environment

Ensure you have the following:

Java installed

Maven or Gradle

Selenium WebDriver dependencies

A testing framework (TestNG or JUnit)

Add Selenium dependencies in your pom.xml if using Maven:

xml

<dependency>

  <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>

  <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>

  <version>4.18.0</version>

</dependency>

2. Launch Browser with Custom Viewport

Use the setSize() method to emulate different device resolutions:

java

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();


// Desktop View

driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1920, 1080));


// Tablet View

driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(768, 1024));


// Mobile View

driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(375, 667));

You can loop through various resolutions and validate layout changes.


3. Capture Screenshots

Capturing screenshots can help visually inspect the UI:

java

File srcFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

FileUtils.copyFile(srcFile, new File("mobile_view.png"));

4. Write Assertions

Use assertions to validate UI behavior:

java

WebElement menu = driver.findElement(By.id("mobile-menu"));

Assert.assertTrue(menu.isDisplayed(), "Mobile menu is not visible on small screen");

✅ Best Practices

Test across common breakpoints (e.g., 1920x1080, 1366x768, 768x1024, 375x667)

Include both portrait and landscape orientations

Combine Selenium with visual testing tools (like Percy or Applitools)

Automate regression testing to catch layout breaks after UI updates


🏁 Final Thoughts

Responsive design is no longer optional—it’s a necessity. By using Selenium with Java, you can automate responsive testing efficiently and ensure your users get a consistent experience on every device.

Whether you're building e-commerce platforms, blogs, or enterprise dashboards, responsive testing should be an integral part of your QA strategy. 

Learn Selenium with Java Training

Read More: Handling Calendar and Date Pickers in Selenium Java
Read More: Parameterization in Selenium Java Using TestNG
Read More: Setting Up Log4j Logging in Selenium Java Projects


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